Jainism: Jainism was born in India about the same period as Buddhism, being established by Mahavira (c. 599 - 527 BC) who was born near Patna in what is now Bihar state. Mahavira was called ‘Jina’ meaning the big winner and from this name was derived the name of the religion. In many senses Jainism is similar to Buddhism. Both developed as a dissension to the Brahmanic philosophy that was dominant during that period in north-east India. Both share a belief in reincarnation which eventually leads to liberation. Jainism is different to Buddhism in its ascetic beliefs. Both these religions emphasize non-violence, but non-violence is the main core in Jainism.

Jains believe that life breathes through every thing: stones, sand, trees etc. Mahavira who believed that every thing has life and also believed in non-violence nearly died due to self-induced starvation. After years of hardship and meditation he attained enlightenment; thereafter he preached Jainism for about 30 years and died at Pava (also in Bihar) in 527 BC. Mahavira was also extremely ascetic and walked around completely naked because of his renouncement of life. Currently, 0.5% of India's population are Jains.